The necropsy showed mucopurulentexudate in the nasal passages and sinuses.This is the longitudinal section of the head of a rabbit that has had severe nasal discharge.A definitive diagnosis is made by isolation and identification of Pasteurellamultocida from the affected tissues. Summary of clinical findings/confirmation A presumptive diagnosis of pasteurellosis is made from the common clinical findings: nasal discharge, sneezing and snuffling sounds, conjunctivitis, torticollis, subcutaneous abscesses, swollen testicles, vaginal discharge, sterility. Aeorsol trans-mission can occur, but it is not as likely a method of transmission as direct contact.The disease can also be transmitted venereally if the reproductive organs are infected.Post weaning, the disease can also be transmitted by direct contact or by fomites. Rabbits can be infected prior to weaning by contact with infected dams.Most isolates form circular, convex, smooth white colonies on dextrose starch or blood agar, as seen on this image.Pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurellamultocida, a small, gram-negative, bipolar staining, ovoid rod that produces an endotoxin.Uterine involvement will result in sterility and possibly a vaginal discharge.This image shows a pus-filled uterus (pyometria) caused by pasteurella infection.Torticollis, or head tilt, may be seen as the result of middle or inner ear infection, or subcutaneous abscesses may be found.The conjunctiva may be red and swollen with serous to purulent exudatethat may mat on the fur.The signs of pasteurellosis will be related to impairment of the organs that are involved.The nasal exudate may be wiped onto the medial aspects of the forepaws.These signs account for the common name of "snuffles" that is given to the condition.The classic clinical manifestation of pasteurellosisis a mucopurulent nasal discharge that can be accompanied by sneezing, coughing, and snuffling sounds.
It can also gain access through skin wounds to cause subcutaneous abscesses. It can be carried by the blood stream, to cause abscesses and lesions in internal organs, such as heart, lungs, and reproductive systems. It can migrate via the eustachian tube to the ear, via the nasolacrimal duct to the conjunctiva, or by way of the trachea to the lungs. Pasteurellosis – “Snuffles” Most common disease of domestic rabbits Etiology: Pasteurellamultocida It is a bacterial infection that gains access to the nasal cavity, then migrates to almost any organ in the body. At the conclusion of this program, you should be able to state the significance and etiologic agents of the following diseases in rabbits maintained for research, testing, or teaching: Pasteurellosis, entero-toxemia, mucoid enteropathy, treponematosis, mastitis, Tyzzer's Disease, and superficial mycosis.
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